
THE LIVERY COMPANIES
London is actually two cities and not one. The very center of London is known as the City or the Square Mile and is governed under an extraordinary medieval system that guarantees endless theater to the residents.
The City (not to be confused with London) is largely run by 108 'Livery Companies' that were originally formed as trade associations-cum-trade unions and have existed since the 14th century. Many of the livery companies represent trades that have long died out (such as the Longbow makers) and yet the Livery companies persist as a system of voluntary governance. This allows City to remain internationally competitive because the system of government is based largely upon voluntary contribution rather than taxation. These companies were concerned with the education of boys into a particular trade and their initiation into manhood. They became so wealthy that they became charitable institutions that were capable of planning and financing major projects from their own resources. Here is an article from the Daily Telegraph that estimates total assets to be about two billion pounds.
.jpg)

Livery companies remain overwhelmingly male and resemble US student fraternities with their emphasis on initiation, food and drink.
.jpg)

THE FREEMASONS
In 1717 the Grand Lodge of Freemasonry was formed in London- and freemasonry in its modern form was created. This organization was open to men and sought to initiate men into manhood through ritual and symbolism. Freemasonry also sought to give its members a degree of social security through its charities. Although Freemasonry is commonly seen as an aristocratic pastime it was originally a trade union of skilled stonemasons working on the cathedrals of Europe. Later on Freemasons came to be associated with enlightenment thinking and were the bane of the establishment that eventually came to dominate it.
The original 'lodges' were hostels where stone masons would live communally rather like the 19th century American bunkhouse. They would provide cheap lodging, companionship and education for the upwardly mobile stonemason. Many masons would also have been single or living away from home and so the lodges may also have functioned rather as the modern day 'lair' of pickup artists does today.
The following photographs are from the Freemasons Hall in London.

GENTLEMEN'S CLUBS
Gentlemen's clubs also evolved around the same time that the Freemasons and the Livery companies were evolving into their present form. The early 1700's seemed to be an age where men were looking for structure and belonging. Gentlemen's clubs provided both these things and were also highly aspirational in that they generally promoted intellectual debate or the pursuit of the arts. There are many such clubs in London although most of the established ones are in Pall Mall which is just off Picadilly circus.
Most 'gentleman's' clubs are actually mixed sex although many of them maintain the serious minded atmosphere they once had. There is a great deal of snobbery around some of these clubs as invitation is on an invitation only basis. My own choice (once I have a little cash) would be the Royal and Overseas which is pictured at the top of the post. This would make an excellent lair as it has a cheap (by West End standards) hotel and is close to the night-life. It is also one of the few that would accept me as a member!

EVOLUTION
Freemasonry and the gentlemen's clubs went upmarket throughout the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries and as a result skilled tradesmen formed the Trade Union movement. We must remember that each of the institutions that I have mentioned was formed by the same class of people- skilled male workers in search of security and community. Each of these institutions moved closer to the centre of power and were absorbed by it.
The Livery companies became a system of government.
The Freemasons became an extension of the establishment.
Gentlemen's clubs became mixed sex and a part of the establishment.
Trade Unions no longer serve their members but exist to promote a socialist agenda that many disagree with.

Everything I have written is an oversimplification but basically right. Do not take it too seriously as a history as I have left 99% out.
0 comments:
Post a Comment